Calcaneal fractures are common multiple fractures, accounting for the third of foot fracture. Violence factors of the fractures can be divided into avulsion, stress, shear and vertical compression force. After injury it feels pain, swelling, unable to bear weight, followed by congestion, where may have blisters form. A clear shift will produce the appearance of foot deformity, foot, valgus movement is limited. In severe cases, the performance of arch collapse, heel widened diameter, height reduction treatment.
Conservative treatment
1. Apply to non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures.
2. No displaced fractures: after a thorough X-ray examination, elastic bandage, plaster immobilization, crutches ambulation after10 to 14 days, foot heel, begin weight-bearing after 4 to 6 weeks.
3. Minimally displaced fractures can be tried manual reduction or calcaneal tubercle traction, plaster immobilization for 4 to 6 weeks.
Surgical treatment
1. Apply to fracture shift significantly, or being manual reset unsatisfactory, do open reduction and internal fixation. Plant with cancellous bone in fracture defect. Coupled with plaster immobilization after eight weeks.
2. For the subtalar joint severe fractures, because the internal fixation can not produce a significant bone gripping action, which can not increase the connection might fracture. Treatment can be divided in two ways:. a. pressure bandage, raise the risk of limb, early exercise, eight weeks after the load;. b. one stage subtalar or triple arthrodesis.
1. High-calorie, high protein, high vitamin diet, promote healing.
2. Promote blood return and reduce swelling of the limbs.
3. Any use of external plaster, should be strictly in accordance with plaster care routine care. It should be noted the case of post-operative bleeding plaster surface, identify problems and timely reporting of a doctor for treatment. Note that the end limb skin color, temperature, and dorsalis pedis pulse and toes activities, vigilance compartment syndrome occurs.
4. Early practice of foot activity. 24 hours after surgery, do limb toe flexion and extension activities, 48 hours after surgery made ankle flexion exercise.
5. During being plasted, do quadriceps of isometric exercise, the knee flexion and extension. After removing the plaster, take the initiative to the activities of the joint toe to maintain the vitality of the foot of each joint.
6. Adhere to functional training, fracture healing, can be weight-bearing exercise.
7. Periodic review radiography.
