Proximal radius and ulna constitute are important parts of the elbow, including radial fracture, ulna coronoid fractures, olecranon fractures and a variety of complex fractures.

1. Radial fractures
Radial head fracture is due to the radial head and capitellum collision. The vast majority are due to falling. Mason common type: type A is radial or neck fracture, none or tiny displacement.

2. Ulna coronoid fractures
Most coronoid fractures are due to elbow extension bits fall, posterolateral rotatory instability or varus after the occurrence. It is often accompanied by elbow ligament injury, leading to instability of the elbow. Fractures were classified according to the size of the block:
Type A: Avulsion coronoid tip.

Type B: Alone or comminuted factures.

Type C: More than 50% of the coronoid factures.

3.Olecranon fractures
Olecranon fracture is spread to within a half notch articular fractures. Type:
Type A: No shift.

Type B: stable Shift.

Type C: unstable Shift.

4. Complex elbow fracture-dislocation
(1) Elbow injury "triad" of elbow dislocation occurs (ligament injury) combined radial and ulna coronoid bone fracture, which is called elbow injury "triad".

(2) After olecranon fracture dislocation occurs in moderate elbow flexion, dorsal forearm suffered violent direct action with high energy.

(3) The fracture dislocation often occurs in the elderly when wrestling.

1. Radial fractures

Type A: Conservative treatment. The forearm is fixed by Elbow external fixator on function bits for 3-4 weeks.

Type B: Conservative treatment.

Type C: Open reduction and internal fixation as soon as possible.

Type D: Open reduction and internal fixation . Elderly patients may be considered for removal after radial prosthesis.

2. Ulna coronoid fractures

For stable type A and type B, can be fixed by plaster in 90-degree elbow flexion on function bits for 3-4 weeks. For type B and type C, can be fixed by lag screws. For large anteromedial coronoid fracture fragment, it needs anatomical reduction and  mini-plate fixation.

3.Olecranon fractures

None-shifted fractures: plaster immobilization in elbow or semi-elbow position for three weeks.
Shifted fractures: Open reduction and internal fixation.

4. Complex elbow fracture-dislocation

Elbow injury "triad"

(a) Restore the structure and stability of the coronoid by fixation.

(b) Accept internal fixation for radial fractures or prosthesis to restore the stability of lateral column.

(c) Repair of the lateral collateral ligament and related structures, restoring the stability of the outer structure.

(d) If the treatment above is still unstable, it needs medial collateral ligament repair for elbow.

(e) Such as conventional repair joint stability can not be maintained, which can be applied hinged external fixator assisted fixation.

(2) After olecranon fracture dislocation: Surgery approach from the rear, Ulna fractures is fixed by reduction plate. For coronoid it can be fixed with a screw to restore the stability of the elbow.

(3) The fracture dislocation: Surgery approach from the rear, it can be fixed by reduction plate. Using lag screws to fix coronoid fracture, while internal radial head fracture fixation or arthroplasty. Then repair the medial and lateral collateral ligament. If it remains unstable, can be accessorially fixed by hinged external fixator. 

1.High-protein, high in vitamins, high calcium diet to promote bone healing.

2. Whether be fixed by plaster or splint, limb must be kept at 90 ° of elbow flexion. Forearm is in neutral position.

3. Forearm up to facilitate venous and lymphatic flowing.

4. Functional exercises under the guidance of doctors and nurses.

5. Periodic review.